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1.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 36(3): 257-262, jul.-set. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365564

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Introdução: O controle da absorção de proteínas é necessário para a definição das propriedades dos biomateriais e de seus usos específicos. O plasma sanguíneo contém diversas proteínas diferentes, dentre elas o fibrinogênio, que apresenta importante papel na adesão celular e nos resultados de biocompatibilidade em implantes. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar laboratorialmente as ratas submetidas à colocação de mini-implantes de silicone nanotexturizados e revestidos por espuma de poliuretano a partir da aferição do fibrinogênio sérico e mensuração da proteína plasmática. Métodos: Foram utilizadas 60 ratas albinas, divididas em dois grupos de 30 animais para cada tipo de mini-implante de silicone (nanotexturizado e espuma de poliuretano) e subdivididas em 3 subgrupos, conforme o tempo de eutanásia dos animais (30, 60 e 90 dias). Os mini-implantes foram inseridos no dorso dos animais abaixo do Panniculus carnosus. No momento das eutanásias, amostras de sangue foram obtidas por punção cardíaca. Utilizou-se a técnica de precipitação térmica para determinação das proteínas plasmáticas total e sérica, e o valor do fibrinogênio foi obtido mediante a diferença entre estas duas últimas. Resultados: Quando comparados os grupos entre si, observou-se que o grupo nanotexturizado apresentou uma maior quantidade de fibrinogênio e da proteína plasmática no subgrupo de 90 dias, com significância estatística (p=0,004). Ao comparar os subgrupos entre si, em ambos os grupos, evidenciou-se uma diferença significativa (p<0,001). Conclusão: Os mini-implantes nanotexturizados mostraram uma menor absorção de proteínas em relação aos implantes revestidos pela espuma de poliuretano, no subgrupo de 90 dias.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The control of protein absorption is necessary to define biomaterials' properties and their specific uses. Blood plasma contains several different proteins, including fibrinogen, which plays an important role in cell adhesion and biocompatibility results in implants. This study's objectives were to evaluate in the laboratory rats subjected to the placement of nano-textured silicone mini-implants and polyurethane foam-coated mini-implants based on the measurement of serum fibrinogen and plasma proteins. Methods: Sixty albino rats were used, divided into two groups of 30 animals for each type of silicone mini-implant (nanotextured and polyurethane foam) and subdivided into three subgroups, according to the animals' euthanasia time (30, 60 and 90 days). The mini-implants were inserted in the animals' backs below the Panniculus carnosus. At the time of euthanasia, blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture. The thermal precipitation technique was used to determine total and serum plasma proteins, and the difference between the latter two obtained the fibrinogen value. Results: When the groups were compared, it was observed that the nanotextured group presented a higher amount of fibrinogen and plasma protein in the 90-day subgroup, with statistical significance (p=0.004). When comparing the subgroups among themselves, a significant difference was evidenced (p<0.001). Conclusion: The nanotextured mini-implants showed a lower protein absorption concerning polyurethane foam-coated implants in the 90-day subgroup.

2.
Rev. bras. cir. plást ; 36(3): 249-256, jul.-set. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1365568

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Introdução: Nas últimas décadas houve uma grande evolução na superfície de revestimento dos implantes mamários, o que resultou na diminuição das complicações. No pós-operatório a inflamação é uma constante e pode ser avaliada pelo hemograma, pois é um exame rápido, barato e com alta disponibilidade. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar os biomarcadores sanguíneos em ratas submetidas à colocação de mini-implantes de silicone nanotexturizados e revestidos por espuma de poliuretano. Métodos: Foram utilizadas 60 ratas Wistar divididas em dois grupos para utilização de mini-implantes nanotexturizados e revestidos com espuma de poliuretano, subdivididos em subgrupos de acordo com a eutanásia dos animais nos 30, 60 e 90 dias. No momento da eutanásia, as amostras de sangue foram obtidas por punção cardíaca e foi analisado o hemograma. Resultados: A hemoglobina, o hematócrito, a hemoglobina corpuscular média, os leucócitos, os neutrófilos, os linfócitos e as plaquetas tiveram os resultados muito semelhantes em todos os subgrupos avaliados (30, 60 e 90 dias). Entretanto, quando os diferentes subgrupos foram comparados entre si dentro de cada grupo, obteve-se resultados estatisticamente significantes na hemoglobina corpuscular média (nanotexturizado p=0,032 e poliuretano p=0,007) e nos leucócitos (nanotexturizado p=0,038 e poliuretano p=0,034). Sobre as alterações dos biomarcadores sanguíneos no pós-operatório encontrou-se anemia hipocrômica, contagem de leucócitos normais, neutrofilia, linfopenia e trombocitopenia. Conclusão: Após a colocação de mini-implantes de silicone, as ratas de ambos os grupos evoluíram com anemia hipocrômica, contagem de leucócitos normais às custas de neutrofilia e linfopenia, e trombocitopenia.


ABSTRACT Introduction: In recent decades, there has been a great evolution in breast implants' lining surface, which has resulted in decreased complications. In the postoperative period, the inflammation is constant and can be evaluated by the blood count, as it is a fast, inexpensive, and highly available examination. The present study evaluates blood biomarkers in rats submitted to the placement of nanotextured silicone implants and implants coated with polyurethane foam. Methods: 60 Wistar rats were used divided into two groups for nanotextured mini-implants and others mini-implants coated with polyurethane foam, subdivided into subgroups according to the animals' euthanasia in the 30, 60, and 90 days. At the time of euthanasia, blood samples were obtained by cardiac puncture and the blood count was analyzed. Results: Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets had very similar results in all subgroups evaluated (30, 60, and 90 days). However, when the different subgroups were compared within each group, statistically significant results were obtained in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (nanotextured p=0.032 and polyurethane p=0.007) and leukocytes (nanotextured p=0.038 and polyurethane p=0.034). Changes in postoperative blood biomarkers were hypochromic anemia, normal leukocyte count, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: After the placement of mini-silicone implants, the rats of both groups evolved with hypochromic anemia, normal leukocyte count at the expense of neutrophilia and lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia.

3.
J. vasc. bras ; 19: e20190052, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1135113

ABSTRACT

Resumo A isquemia crítica de membro inferior sem leito distal tem opções restritas para tratamento. Desviar o fluxo sanguíneo de maneira retrógrada através da circulação venosa é uma alternativa amparada em evidências de inúmeros trabalhos publicados. Comparou-se através de mapeamento dúplex a distribuição do fluxo sanguíneo arterial em membros posteriores de suínos mantidos em circulação fisiológica com o contralateral submetido à isquemia e reperfusão por circulação retrógrada. O fluxo nos membros em circulação fisiológica e retrógrada foi avaliado por mapeamento dúplex através da determinação da velocidade de pico sistólico (VPS), da velocidade diastólica final (VDF) e do índice de resistividade (IR) em artérias selecionadas. A análise comparativa das extremidades mantidas em circulação fisiológica em relação às mantidas em isquemia e reperfusão, por circulação retrógrada, mostrou nestas, ao mapeamento dúplex, que as alterações nos padrões de onda espectral e nas variáveis hemodinâmicas são indicadores satisfatórios e sugerem boa distribuição do fluxo sanguíneo vascular distal.


Abstract Treatment options for critical lower limb ischemia in the absence of the distal bed are limited. Diverting blood flow in a retrograde direction through the venous circulation is one alternative option that is supported by evidence from several published articles. Duplex scanning was used to compare the distribution of arterial flow in hind limbs of pigs maintained in physiological circulation to contralateral limbs subjected to ischemia and reperfusion by retrograde circulation. Flow in limbs with physiological and retrograde circulation was evaluated by duplex scanning with analysis of Peak Systolic Velocity (PSV), End Diastolic Velocity (EDV), and the Resistivity Index (RI) for selected arteries. This comparative analysis of extremities maintained in physiological circulation in relation to those subjected to ischemia and reperfusion by retrograde circulation showed, via duplex scanning, that changes in spectral wave patterns and hemodynamic variables are satisfactory indicators and suggest good distribution of distal blood flow.


Subject(s)
Animals , Blood Circulation , Reperfusion , Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia/physiopathology , Arteries , Swine , Extremities , Hemodynamics
4.
Acta cir. bras ; 35(5): e202000507, 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1130640

ABSTRACT

Abstract Purpose To develop a new wound dressing composed of alginate and Aloe vera gel and cross-linked with zinc ions. Methods The aloe-alginate film was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), swelling profile, mechanical properties, polysaccharide content and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thirty Wistar rats were divided in two groups a) treated with aloe-alginate film and b) control (treated with sterile gauze). Wound contraction measurements and hystological analysis were performed on 7th, 14th and 21st days after wound surgery. Results The aloe-alginate film presented adequated mechanical resistance and malleability for application as wound dressing. There was no statistical difference in wound contraction between two groups. Histological assay demonstrated that aloe-alginate film presented anti-inflammatory activity, stimulated angiogenesis on proliferative phase and a more significant increased in collagen type I fibers and decreased type III fibers which promoted a mature scar formation when compared to control. Conclusions The aloe-alginate film showed adequate physicochemical characteristics for wound dressing applications. The in vivo assay demonstrated that aloe-alginate film enhanced the healing process of incisional skin wounds.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Wound Healing/drug effects , Chlorides/pharmacology , Chlorides/chemistry , Zinc Compounds/pharmacology , Zinc Compounds/chemistry , Plant Preparations/pharmacology , Alginates/pharmacology , Aloe , Rats, Wistar
5.
J. vasc. bras ; 16(3): f:187-l:194, jul.-set. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-876801

ABSTRACT

Contexto: Isquemia crítica de membro inferior sem leito distal tem opções restritas para tratamento. Desviar o fluxo de maneira retrógrada através da circulação venosa é alternativa amparada em evidências de inúmeros trabalhos publicados. Objetivos: Comparar o comportamento de variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais em extremidades de suínos submetidas a isquemia e a isquemia com reperfusão por circulação retrógrada entre si e em relação e a um grupo controle. Métodos: Dez suínos foram separados em dois grupos. No grupo 1 (n=5), controle, avaliaram-se padrões fisiológicos de variáveis como fluxo ao Doppler, temperatura, gasometria, lactato, creatinoquinase (CK) e pressão arterial. No grupo 2 (n=5), após um período médio de isquemia de 27 minutos e 30 segundos, consequente à interrupção do fluxo nas artérias femorais, os animais foram submetidos a arterialização venosa no membro posterior esquerdo e a manutenção da isquemia no direito. As variáveis foram analisadas separadamente durante momentos 0, 2, 3, 4 e 6 horas após a reperfusão para efeito de comparação entre si e com o grupo controle. Resultados: A análise das variáveis mostrou, em ambos os procedimentos, queda de BE e pO2 , com elevação significativa de lactato e CK em relação ao grupo controle. Nos membros isquêmicos arterializados, encontramos fluxo ao Doppler e maiores pressões arteriais e temperaturas quando comparadas ao membro em isquemia. Conclusões: A análise comparativa das extremidades em isquemia e isquemia arterializada mostrou, em relação ao grupo controle, um quadro de acidose metabólica, com significativo aumento de lactato e CK, que sugerem dano celular e sinais de reperfusão retrógrada nas extremidades arterializadas


Background: There are few options for treating critical ischemia in limbs with no distal patency. Diverting flow through the venous circulation is an option supported by evidence from numerous published studies. Objectives: To compare the behavior of clinical and laboratory variables between the hind limbs of pigs subjected to ischemia and to ischemia with reperfusion by retrograde circulation and between these intervention groups and a control group. Methods: Ten pigs were divided into 2 groups. In group 1 (n=5), controls, patterns of physiological variables such as flow according to Doppler ultrasound, temperature, blood gas analysis results, lactate, creatine kinase, and blood pressure were evaluated. In group 2 (n=5), after an initial ischemia period with mean duration of 27 minutes and 30 seconds, provoked by interrupting flow through the femoral arteries, the animals were subjected to venous arterialization of the left hind limb while the right hind limb was maintained in ischemia. Variables were analyzed separately for each hind leg at 0, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours after reperfusion and compared against each other and the control group. Results: Analysis of variables from both procedures showed decreases in BE and PO2 and significant increases in lactate and creatine kinase, in relation to the control group. In arterialized ischemic limbs, we observed flow on Doppler ultrasound, and arterial pressures and temperatures were higher than in the ischemic limbs. Conclusions: Comparative analysis of the extremities in ischemia and arterialized ischemia showed, in relation to the control group, metabolic acidosis with significant increases in lactate and creatine kinase, suggesting cellular damage, and there were signs of retrograde reperfusion in arterialized extremities.


Subject(s)
Animals , Comparative Study , Control Groups , Ischemia/complications , Models, Animal , Reperfusion/methods , Arterial Pressure/physiology , Creatine Kinase , Femoral Artery/physiology , Ketosis/diagnosis , Lactic Acid , Lower Extremity , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Swine
6.
Acta cir. bras ; 31(12): 774-782, Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-837658

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To assess the capsules formed by silicone implants coated with polyurethane foam and with a textured surface. METHODS: Sixty-four Wistar albinus rats were divided into two groups of 32 each using polyurethane foam and textured surface. The capsules around the implants were analyzed for 30, 50, 70 and 90 days. Were analyzed the following parameters: foreign body reaction, granulation tissue, presence of myofibroblasts, neoangiogenesis, presence of synovial metaplasia, capsular thickness, total area and collagen percentage of type I and III, in capsules formed around silicone implants in both groups. RESULTS: The foreign body reaction was only present in the four polyurethane subgroups. The formation of granulation tissue and the presence of myofibroblasts were higher in the four polyurethane subgroups. Regarding to neoangiogenesis and synovial metaplasia, there was no statistical difference between the groups. Polyurethane group presented (all subgroups) a greater capsule thickness, a smaller total area and collagen percentage of type I and a higher percentage area of type III, with statistical difference. CONCLUSION: The use of polyurethane-coated implants should be stimulated by the long-term results in a more stable capsule and a lower incidence of capsular contracture, despite developing a more intense and delayed inflammatory reaction in relation to implants with textured surface.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Polyurethanes/administration & dosage , Foreign-Body Reaction/pathology , Breast Implants/adverse effects , Silicone Gels/administration & dosage , Coated Materials, Biocompatible , Implant Capsular Contracture/pathology , Surface Properties , Rats, Wistar , Breast Implantation/methods , Collagen Type I/analysis , Collagen Type III/analysis
7.
J. vasc. bras ; 15(2): 93-98, tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787531

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Venous arterialization has been adopted as a strategy for salvage of limbs in critical ischemia without the distal arterial bed, with successful outcomes, but the mechanisms by which irrigation of the extremities takes place are still unknown. OBJECTIVES: To develop an experimental model to test hypotheses that could explain the mechanisms of blood supply in venous arterialization. METHODS: Eleven pigs underwent a period of hind limb ischemia followed by reperfusion achieved by venous arterialization, after interposition of conduits filled with 10 ml (5 animals - group 1) or 1 ml (6 animals - group 2) of China Ink. After euthanasia, the limbs were amputated and underwent histological analysis. RESULTS: Under optical microscopy, ink staining was observed in the arteriolar lumen of six (55%) of the eleven pigs used in the experiment; four (80%) out of five from group 1 and two (33%) out of six from group 2. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental model was capable of testing the hypothesis. The presence of China Ink in the arteriolar lumen shows that it is possible to supply the arterial vessels by means of venous arterialization.


CONTEXTO: A arterialização venosa tem sido adotada com bons resultados como estratégia para salvar membros em isquemia crítica sem leito arterial distal. No entanto, os mecanismos pelos quais a irrigação das extremidades ocorre permanecem desconhecidos. OBJETIVOS: Desenvolver um modelo experimental para testar hipóteses que podem explicar os mecanismos de nutrição em arterialização venosa. MÉTODOS: Onze porcos foram submetidos a um período de isquemia seguida de reperfusão do membro posterior, realizada por arterialização venosa, com interposição de condutos preenchidos com 10 mL (cinco animais - grupo 1) e 1 mL (seis animais - grupo 2) de tinta da China. Após a eutanásia, os membros foram amputados e submetidos a análise histológica. RESULTADOS: Na microscopia óptica, o pigmento foi encontrado no lúmen de arteríolas de seis (55%) dos 11 porcos utilizados no experimento; quatro (80%) de cinco animais eram do grupo 1 e dois (33%) de seis animais eram do grupo 2. CONCLUSÕES: O modelo experimental utilizado foi capaz de testar a hipótese. A presença de tinta da China no lúmen arteriolar mostra que é possível alcançar o vaso arterial por meio de arterialização venosa.


Subject(s)
Animals , Guinea Pigs , Arteriovenous Fistula/therapy , Ischemia/prevention & control , Models, Animal , Microcirculation
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